Transformation of sentence
Rules of Transformation
Simple. Complex.
1. Too…….to (ব্যক্তি সংক্রান্ত) The boy is too weak to walk. 1. So……..that (sub. যদি ব্যক্তিসংক্রান্ত হয়) The boy is so weak that he cannot walk. 1.and/and so The boy is very weak and he cannot walk.
2. Too…… (for) to (sub. যদি বস্তু সংক্রান্ত হয়)The load is too heavy for me to lift. 2. So….. that (sub. যদি বস্তু সংক্রান্ত হয়)The load is so heavy that I cannot lift. 2. and/and so The load is very heavy and I cannot lift.
3. Too…….to (passive রুপে) The man is too dishonest to be respected. 3. So….. that The man is so dishonest that people do not respect him. 3. and/and so The man is dishonest and people do not respect him.
4. Enough to (ব্যক্তি সম্পর্কে) The boy is innocent enough to believe. 4. So….. that The boy is so innocent that he believes anybody. 4. and/and so The boy is innocent and believes anybody.
5. Enough to (বস্তু সম্পর্কে) The math is easy enough for anybody to do. 5. So….. that The math is so easy that anybody can do. 5. and/and so The math is very easy and anybody can do.
6. Enough to (passive form) The man is honest enough to be respected. 6. So….. that The man is so honest that everybody respects him. 6. and/and so The man is very honest and everybody respects him.
7. Because of + Noun/Noun phrase Because of his business, he could not attend the meeting. 7. since/as/because Since he was busy, he could not attend the meeting. 7. and/and so He was busy and he could not attend the meeting.
8. Because of + verb-এর সাথে ing Because of studying hard, he could pass in the exam. 8. since/as/because Since he studied hard, he passed in the exam. 8. and/and so He studied hard and he passed in the exam.
9. Participle/main verb এর সাথে ing (subject একই হলে) Hitting the snake, the boy brought bad luck to the crew. 9. since/as/because Since the boy hit the snake, he brought bad luck to crew. 9. and/and so The boy hit the snake and he brought bad luck to crew.
10. Participle/main verb এর সাথে ing (subject ভিন্ন হলে) The sea water being salty, the men could not drink it. 10. since/as/because Since the sea water was salty, the men could not drink it 10. and/and so The sea water was salty and the men could not drink it
11. Having/ Because of having Because of having a lot of money, he has bought a bus. 11. since/as/because Since he has a lot of money, he has bought a bus. 11. and/and so He has a lot of money and so he has bought a bus.
12. In spite of+ Noun/Noun phrase/gerund In spite of his poverty, he is honest. 12. though/although Though he is poor, he is honest. 12. but He is poor but honest.
13. By + gerund By earning much, you can buy a new car. 13. if/unless If you earn much, you can buy a new car. 13. and You earn much and you can buy a new car.
14. Without + gerund Without learning much, you cannot teach your student properly. 14. if (not) If you do not learn much, you cannot teach your student properly. 14. or Learn much or you cannot teach your student properly.
15. In order to/ Infinitive The student went to the library in order to collect new books. 15. so that The student went to the library so that he could collect new books. 15. and The student went to the library and he wanted to collect new books.
16. Adjective phrase The people catching fishes in the river are fishermen. 16. Adjective clause The people who are catching fishes in the river are fishermen. 16. and The people are catching fishes in the river and they are fishermen.
17. Noun phrase Tell me the matter. 17. Noun clause Tell me what the matter is. 17. and You should tell me and it should be a matter.
18. Adverb phrase I went after his coming. 18. Adverb Clause I went after he had come. 18. and/and so He had come and I went.
Rule :
Affirmative to Negative:
Rule 1:
Only বা alone এর পরিবর্তে উত্তর বাক্যের শুরুতে None but বসে। আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয়না।
Affirmative: Only he can play good cricket.
Negative: None but he can play good cricket.
Affirmative: Only the science students can apply for the post.
Negative: None but the science students can apply for the post.
Affirmative: Only they can do the work.
Negative: None but they can do the work.
Note: বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে nothing but বসে। তবে বয়সের ক্ষেত্রে বা সংখ্যার ক্ষেত্রে only এর পরিবর্তে not more than বসে।
Affirmative: He is only four.
Negative: He is not more than four.
Affirmative: They have only two cars.
Negative: They have not more than two cars.
Rule 2:
Affirmative sentence এ must থাকলে negative করার সময় must এর পরিবর্তে can not but/ can not help বসে। তবে can not help এর পরে যে verb থাকে তার সাথে ing যুক্ত করতে হয়।
Affirmative: you must yield to your fate.
Negative: You can not but yield to your fate.
Affirmative: We must obey our parents.
Negative: we can not but obey our parents.
Affirmative: you must care them.
Negative: You can not help caring them.
Rule 3:
Every কে Negative করতে হলে every এর পরিবর্তে There is no বসে + every এর পরের শব্দটি বসে + but + প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ।
Affirmative: Everyone hates a terrorist.
Negative: There is no one but hates a terrorist.
Affirmative: Everybody fears a lion.
Negative: There is no body but hates a liar.
Rule 4:
As soon as যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে-
As soon as এর জায়গায় no sooner had বসবে + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর কর্তা বসে + সে Sentence এর মূল verb এর v3 বসে + সে sentence বাকী অংশ বসে + than + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।
Affirmative: As soon as he he saw the tiger, he ran away.
Negative: No sooner had he seen the Tiger than he ran away.
Affirmative: No sooner had the boy saw the police, he ran away.
Negative: As soon as the boy seen the police than he ran away.
Rule 5:
Affirmative sentence কে Negative করার সময় উক্ত sentence এর Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়। এবং উক্ত Negative এর পূর্বে not বসাতে হয়। বাকী সব থিক থাকে।
Affirmative: He is a good man.
Negative: He is not a bad man.
Affirmative: Rakib is an honest boy.
Negative: Rakib is not a dishonest boy.
Affirmative: This was an extra-ordinary ship.
Negative: This was not an ordinary ship.
Rule 6:
Always যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে হলে Always এর পরিবর্তে never বসে। Affirmative শব্দটির Negative রূপ বসাতে হয়।
Affirmative: He was always punctual.
Negative: He was never late.
Affirmative: I always tell truth.
Negative: I never tell lie.
Rule 7:
Superlative degree যুক্ত Affirmative sentence কে Negative করতে হলে –
No other + superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + as + superlative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: He is the best batsman in the team.
Negative: No other batsman in the team is as good as he.
Affirmative: You are the best boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as you.
Rule 8:
Than any other/than all other যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে –
No other + any other/all other এর পরের অংশ বসে + প্রদত্ত verb + so/as বসে + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: He is better than any other boy in the class.
Negative: No other boy in the class is as good as he.
Affirmative: Dhaka is bigger than all other cities in Bangladesh.
Negative: No other city in Bangladesh is as big as Dhaka.
Rule 9:
Than যুক্ত comparative degree কে Negative করতে হলে –
Than এর শেষের অংশ প্রথমে বসে + verb (tense ও person অনুযায়ী) + not + so/as + comparative degree এর positive form + as + প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject.
Affirmative: He is stronger than you.
Negative: You are not as/so strong as he.
Affirmative: I am taller than you.
Negative: You are not as tall as me.
Rule 10:
As....as যুক্ত positive degree কে Negative করতে হলে –
প্রথম as এর পরিবর্তে not less শেষ as এর পরিবর্তে than বসে।
Affirmative: Robi and Rahat were as strong as Rak
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